用自定义执行器使用 Libvirt

使用 libvirt，自定义执行器驱动会为每个它执行的作业创建新的磁盘和虚拟机，之后这些磁盘和虚拟机会被删除。

本文档不会介绍如何设置 libvirt，因为这部分不在范围内。然而，使用 GCP 嵌套虚拟测试这个驱动时，也介绍了如何使用网桥网络设置 libvirt。这个例子使用安装 libvirt 时的 default 网络，确保其运行。

这个驱动需要网桥网络，因为每个虚拟机需要拥有各自的专属 IP 地址，这样极狐GitLab Runner 可以通过 SSH 进入其内部运行命令。使用以下命令生成 SSH 密钥。

系统会创建一个基础磁盘虚拟机镜像，这样就无需每个构建都下载依赖项。在以下例子中，我们使用 virt-builder 创建磁盘虚拟机镜像。

virt-builder debian-11 \
    --size 8G \
    --output /var/lib/libvirt/images/gitlab-runner-base.qcow2 \
    --format qcow2 \
    --hostname gitlab-runner-bullseye \
    --network \
    --install curl \
    --run-command 'curl -L "https://packages.gitlab.com/install/repositories/runner/gitlab-runner/script.deb.sh" | bash' \
    --run-command 'curl -s "https://packagecloud.io/install/repositories/github/git-lfs/script.deb.sh" | bash' \
    --run-command 'useradd -m -p "" gitlab-runner -s /bin/bash' \
    --install gitlab-runner,git,git-lfs,openssh-server \
    --run-command "git lfs install --skip-repo" \
    --ssh-inject gitlab-runner:file:/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub \
    --run-command "echo 'gitlab-runner ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL' >> /etc/sudoers" \
    --run-command "sed -E 's/GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=\"\"/GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=\"net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0\"/' -i /etc/default/grub" \
    --run-command "grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg" \
    --run-command "echo 'auto eth0' >> /etc/network/interfaces" \
    --run-command "echo 'allow-hotplug eth0' >> /etc/network/interfaces" \
    --run-command "echo 'iface eth0 inet dhcp' >> /etc/network/interfaces"

上述命令会安装所有之前规定的先决条件。

virt-builder 会自动设置出现在最后的根密码。如果您想自己指定密码，请传递 --root-password password:$SOME_PASSWORD。

配置

以下是配置 libvirt 的极狐GitLab Runner 的方法：

concurrent = 1
check_interval = 0

[session_server]
  session_timeout = 1800

[[runners]]
  name = "libvirt-driver"
  url = "https://jihulab.com/"
  token = "xxxxx"
  executor = "custom"
  builds_dir = "/home/gitlab-runner/builds"
  cache_dir = "/home/gitlab-runner/cache"
  [runners.custom_build_dir]
  [runners.cache]
    [runners.cache.s3]
    [runners.cache.gcs]
  [runners.custom]
    prepare_exec = "/opt/libvirt-driver/prepare.sh" # Path to a bash script to create VM.
    run_exec = "/opt/libvirt-driver/run.sh" # Path to a bash script to run script inside of VM over ssh.
    cleanup_exec = "/opt/libvirt-driver/cleanup.sh" # Path to a bash script to delete VM and disks.

基础

（准备、运行和清理）阶段都会用到下面的基础脚本，用以生成其他脚本中需要用到的变量。

很重要的一点是，这个脚本和其他脚本所在的目录相同，也就是 /opt/libivirt-driver/。

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# /opt/libvirt-driver/base.sh

VM_IMAGES_PATH="/var/lib/libvirt/images"
BASE_VM_IMAGE="$VM_IMAGES_PATH/gitlab-runner-base.qcow2"
VM_ID="runner-$CUSTOM_ENV_CI_RUNNER_ID-project-$CUSTOM_ENV_CI_PROJECT_ID-concurrent-$CUSTOM_ENV_CI_CONCURRENT_PROJECT_ID-job-$CUSTOM_ENV_CI_JOB_ID"
VM_IMAGE="$VM_IMAGES_PATH/$VM_ID.qcow2"

_get_vm_ip() {
    virsh -q domifaddr "$VM_ID" | awk '{print $4}' | sed -E 's|/([0-9]+)?$||'
}

准备

准备脚本：

将磁盘复制到新路径中。
从复制的磁盘中安装新虚拟机。
等待虚拟机获取 IP。
等待 SSH 响应虚拟机。

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# /opt/libvirt-driver/prepare.sh

currentDir="$( cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" >/dev/null 2>&1 && pwd )"
source ${currentDir}/base.sh # Get variables from base script.

set -eo pipefail

# trap any error, and mark it as a system failure.
trap "exit $SYSTEM_FAILURE_EXIT_CODE" ERR

# Copy base disk to use for Job.
qemu-img create -f qcow2 -b "$BASE_VM_IMAGE" "$VM_IMAGE" -F qcow2

# Install the VM
virt-install \
    --name "$VM_ID" \
    --os-variant debian11 \
    --disk "$VM_IMAGE" \
    --import \
    --vcpus=2 \
    --ram=2048 \
    --network default \
    --graphics none \
    --noautoconsole

# Wait for VM to get IP
echo 'Waiting for VM to get IP'
for i in $(seq 1 30); do
    VM_IP=$(_get_vm_ip)

    if [ -n "$VM_IP" ]; then
        echo "VM got IP: $VM_IP"
        break
    fi

    if [ "$i" == "30" ]; then
        echo 'Waited 30 seconds for VM to start, exiting...'
        # Inform GitLab Runner that this is a system failure, so it
        # should be retried.
        exit "$SYSTEM_FAILURE_EXIT_CODE"
    fi

    sleep 1s
done

# Wait for ssh to become available
echo "Waiting for sshd to be available"
for i in $(seq 1 30); do
    if ssh -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no gitlab-runner@"$VM_IP" >/dev/null 2>/dev/null; then
        break
    fi

    if [ "$i" == "30" ]; then
        echo 'Waited 30 seconds for sshd to start, exiting...'
        # Inform GitLab Runner that this is a system failure, so it
        # should be retried.
        exit "$SYSTEM_FAILURE_EXIT_CODE"
    fi

    sleep 1s
done

运行

系统会使用 SSH 的方式通过 STDIN 向虚拟机发送脚本内容，运行极狐GitLab Runner 生成的脚本。

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# /opt/libvirt-driver/run.sh

currentDir="$( cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" >/dev/null 2>&1 && pwd )"
source ${currentDir}/base.sh # Get variables from base script.

VM_IP=$(_get_vm_ip)

ssh -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no gitlab-runner@"$VM_IP" /bin/bash < "${1}"
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
    # Exit using the variable, to make the build as failure in GitLab
    # CI.
    exit "$BUILD_FAILURE_EXIT_CODE"
fi

清理

脚本移除虚拟机并删除磁盘。

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# /opt/libvirt-driver/cleanup.sh

currentDir="$( cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" >/dev/null 2>&1 && pwd )"
source ${currentDir}/base.sh # Get variables from base script.

set -eo pipefail

# Destroy VM.
virsh shutdown "$VM_ID"

# Undefine VM.
virsh undefine "$VM_ID"

# Delete VM disk.
if [ -f "$VM_IMAGE" ]; then
    rm "$VM_IMAGE"
fi